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The study focuses on the planning phase of nature-based solutions in cities, in which trade-offs have to be made between different options, such as the design, effectiveness, financial contributions from residents or participatory options. Based on the UPSURGE survey and choice experiment, the aim is to assist public participation processes in various countries, help planning teams define priorities and design governance measures which ensure long-term dedication to development plans.

The Arctic is a political landscape in development, and it is subject to multiple and often competing claims of sovereignty. Although situated at the margins of territorial governance of the Arctic states until recent decades, the region has experienced rapid transformations, not least in its governance arrangements.

Throughout the centuries, people have been keen to find and discover new areas and exploit the natural resources associated with them. According to Margaret Kohn and Kavita Reddy (2017), the term colonialism describes the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including the Americas, Australia and parts of Africa and Asia.

Arctic communities must negotiate locally, regionally and with external actors on how to make the best use of the human and natural resources in the region. This is against the backdrop of increased globalization, climate change, high demand for the region’s mineral resources, and increasing local demand for improved living conditions and sustainable livelihoods.

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella, miten Suomen ilmastopolitiikassa pyritään jakamaan kustannuksia eri ryhmien välillä ja mihin periaatteisiin tämä jako perustuu. Vihreä siirtymä aiheuttaa valtavia yhteiskunnallisia kustannuksia. Näiden kustannusten oikeudenmukainen jako on akateemisesti ja yhteiskunnallisesti yhä merkittävämpi keskustelunaihe.

A fair and equitable low carbon future depends on a just transition which, in turn, requires leadership. Where the Arctic is concerned, this leadership is currently lacking. To gauge which states are most likely to provide leadership in the global energy transition, a quantitative rank-percentile assessment of 21 Arctic Council members and Observer states was conducted, using measures relevant to the just transition.