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‘20-20-20’ EU energy and climate package targets for 2020 contain three climate and energy goals: 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, a 20% increase in share of renewable energy, and 20% increase in energy efficiency. The impact assessment for the 2020 package was duly conducted with the assumption of coexisting energy and climate policies in place. It is increasingly recognised that there are possible detrimental effects of ‘overlapping policies’ that target the same sector.

Renewable energy implementation has advantages but requires the harmonisation of the EU support scheme for renewable energy support policies that may eventually improve policy performance. In addition, cost-effective renewable energy policies require the involvement of all participating actors in the decision processes regarding modifications of support schemes.